The Ultimate Guide to Sauna, Cold Plunges, and Metabolic Health

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Photo: Unsplash.com/Huum Medical Disclaimer : This is for informational purposes only. For medical advice, diagnosis and treatment, please your doctor. Metabolic health dictates your daily energy, brain clarity, and long-term health span. Today, poor metabolic fitness drives chronic fatigue, weight gain, and modern diseases. Many people look for shortcut supplements to fix their bodies. However, two ancient physical stressors offer a powerful alternative: deliberate heat and deliberate cold exposure. Read more about metabolic health. Combining saunas and cold plunges creates a unique physical challenge. This practice is often called contrast therapy. It does more than burn calories or test mental grit. It changes your cellular physiology, stabilizes blood sugar, and upgrades mitochondrial function. This comprehensive guide breaks down how thermal shock alters your metabolism. You will learn how saunas and cold water impact glucose spikes, insulin sensitivity, and metabolic rate. Part...
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How To Treat Menkes Disease For Pediatric Patients In 2026

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The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the Zycubo (copper histidinate) injection as the first treatment for Menkes disease in pediatric patients.

Photo Credit: Unsplash Free

"With (the) action, children with this devastating, degenerative disease will have and FDA-approved treatment option and the potential to live longer," said Christine Nguyen, M.D., Deputy Director of the Office of Rare Diseases, Pediatrics, Urologic and Reproductive Medicine in the FDA's Center for Drug  Evaluation and Research.  "The FDA will continue to work with the rare development for patients with Menkes disease and other rare conditions."

According to FDA, Menkes disease is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a genetic defect that impairs a child's ability to absorb copper. The disease is characterised by seizures, failure to gain weight and grow, developmental delays, and intellectual disability. It leads to abnormalities of the vascular system, bladder, bowel, bones, muscles, and nervous system.

Children with classical Menkes (90 percent of those with the disease) begin to develop symptoms in infancy and typically do not live past three years. It affects approximately one in every 100,000 - 250,000 live births worldwide is more common in boys, said FDA.

Zycubo is a copper replacement therapy given by subcutaneous injection. It delivers copper in a form that bypasses the genetic defect in intestinal absorption, allowing the body to better use the mineral, said FDA.

The FDA evaluated Zycubo in two open-label, single-arm clinical trials in pediatric patients treated for up to three years. Overall survival was assessed by comparing treated patients to untreated patients from contemporaneous external control groups. The analysis included 66 treated patients and 17 untreated patients, most of whom were from the United States, said FDA.

Children who began treatment within four weeks of birth had a 78 percent reduction in the risk of death compared with untreated patients. Nearly half of early-treated patients survived beyond six years, and some survived more than 12 years. No patients in the untreated control group survived beyond six years. Children who started treatment later than four weeks after birth also experienced  a substantial benefit, according to FDA.

Side Effects

FDA said that the most common side effects reported for Zycubo included infections, respiratory problems, seizures, vomiting, fever, anemia and injection site reactions. Because copper can accumulate in the body, patients receiving Zycubo should be closely monitored for potential toxicity.

"This approval marks an unprecedented advance for children with Menkes disease," said Tracy Beth Hoeg, M.D., Ph.D., Acting Director of CBER. "The company demonstrated a large improvement in overall survival compared with untreated patients, using an innovative trial design that addressed the challenges of studying an ultra-rare disease."


The FDA approved Zycubo for Sentynl Therapeutics.

This blog is for informational purposes only. Consult your doctor for proper diagnosis and medical treatment.

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