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Rodent: The primary carrier of lassa fever virus
Plateau State in Nigeria is currently experiencing an outbreak of Lassa fever, with confirmed cases and deaths reported in the media. The affected local government areas include Quanpan, Shendam, Wase, Langtang South, Jos North, Jos South, Mangu, etc.
Lassa fever symptoms can be non-specific and vary in severity. Here's a list:
Early symptoms (1-3 days):
- Fever
- Headache
- Sore throat
- Muscle pain
- Chest pain
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Abdominal pain
- Fatigue
Progressive symptoms (4-7 days):
- Widespread bleeding (gums, nose, etc.)
- Respiratory distress
- Facial swelling
- Low blood pressure
- Shock
- Seizures (in severe cases)
Severe symptoms:
- Hemorrhaging
- Encephalitis (inflammation of the brain)
- Meningitis (inflammation of the meninges)
Other signs:
- Conjunctivitis (red eyes)
- Proteinuria (protein in urine)
- Rash (rarely)
Symptoms can be similar to other diseases like malaria or typhoid. If you suspect Lassa fever, seek medical attention promptly.
Lassa fever cases typically surge during the dry season, which usually falls between November and March in Nigeria. This is because the dry conditions drive rodents, the primary carriers of the virus, to seek food and shelter in human habitations, increasing the likelihood of transmission to humans.
Several factors contribute to this seasonal pattern:
- Food scarcity: Rodents are more likely to venture into homes in search of food during the dry season.
- Climate change: Shifts in temperature and precipitation patterns disrupt rodent habitats, pushing them closer to human settlements.
- Human activities: Bush burning, a common agricultural practice during dry spells, can also drive rodents into human proximity.
Here are 20 ways to prevent Lassa fever:
1. Block rodent entry: Seal homes and food storage areas.
2. Store food properly: Use rodent-proof containers.
3. Maintain cleanliness: Regularly clean homes and surroundings.
4. Wash hands: Frequently, especially after handling food.
5. Avoid contact with rodents: Don't touch or handle rodents.
6. Use traps: Humanely trap and release rodents outside.
7. Keep surroundings clean: Dispose waste properly.
8. Cover food: Keep food covered to prevent contamination.
9. Avoid bush burning: Reduces rodent habitats.
10. Use protective gear: When handling potentially contaminated materials.
11. Avoid contact with infected individuals: Limit contact with suspected cases.
12. Practice good hygiene: In public places and healthcare settings.
13. Report suspected cases: Inform health authorities promptly.
14. Support vector control: Participate in rodent control efforts.
15. Educate yourself: Learn about Lassa fever transmission.
16. Educate others: Share prevention knowledge with community.
17. Avoid sharing food: With others, especially in public.
18. Use safe water: For drinking and cooking.
19. Dispose waste properly: Prevent rodent attraction.
20. Seek medical attention, if symptoms persist.
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