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The Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) recently published an article on peanut allergy. It states:
"Peanut allergy involves an immune reaction to peanuts that may cause skin, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and cardiovascular symptoms, and can cause severe allergic reactions.
'Peanut allergy is a leading cause of food allergy worldwide and affects [over] 2% of people in the US. Most patients develop peanut allergy in early childhood, and about 10% to 30% outgrow it.1
"Symptoms of peanut allergy usually develop within 1 to 2 hours of eating peanuts (often within minutes) and may occur after ingestion of even trace amounts. Allergic reactions may affect the skin (swelling, hives), gastrointestinal tract (vomiting, diarrhea), respiratory system (cough, wheeze), and cardiovascular system (low blood pressure or shock). Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening allergic reaction, but death is low (approximately 1 in 10 million).
The Journal further states:
"Peanut allergy is diagnosed based on a history of allergic symptoms within 2 hours of eating peanuts, and either a positive skin prick test (a skin reaction that develops within 10 to 20 minutes after an allergist pricks a small amount of peanut protein into the surface of the skin) or a blood test that detects specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies to peanut and specific peanut proteins.
"First-line treatment for a severe allergic reaction is epinephrine (given via injection or nasal spray), which significantly reduces the risk of death from anaphylaxis. Repeat doses of epinephrine should be given every 5 to 15 minutes for patients whose anaphylactic symptoms have not resolved. Additional medications may include antihistamines, intravenous epinephrine, and drugs to increase blood pressure. Patients treated in the emergency department also may receive intravenous fluids.
"Oral immunotherapy is an approved therapy by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for peanut allergy. This therapy involves ingestion of gradually increasing amounts of peanut protein every 2 to 4 weeks to reach a dose equivalent to about 1 to 2 small peanuts, with daily peanut ingestion at home between visits. Oral immunotherapy successfully desensitizes about 80% of individuals with peanut allergy, allowing them to tolerate small amounts of peanut, but requires ongoing regular peanut ingestion and it is associated with a risk of anaphylaxis of about 14%.
"In February 2024, the FDA approved a biologic medication (omalizumab) for peanut and other food allergies for people aged 1 year or older with qualifying levels of IgE. Omalizumab is injected below the skin every 2 or 4 weeks with dosing based on the patient’s weight and baseline IgE level. The first 3 doses are given in an outpatient clinic to monitor for anaphylaxis, after which the medication can be taken at home. About two-thirds of patients with peanut allergy taking omalizumab are desensitized to peanuts."
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Read more:
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/
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